Carbon steel
Mainly refers to the mechanical properties depend on the carbon content of the steel, and generally do not add a large number of alloying elements of steel, sometimes also known as plain carbon steel or carbon steel.
Carbon steel, also called carbon steel, refers to iron-carbon alloys containing less than 2% carbon WC.
Carbon steel generally contains small amounts of silicon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus in addition to carbon.
According to the use of carbon steel can be divided into three categories of carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel and free cutting structural steel, carbon structural steel is divided into two types of structural steel for construction and machine construction;
According to the smelting method can be divided into flat furnace steel, converter steel and electric furnace steel;
According to the deoxidation method can be divided into boiling steel (F), sedentary steel (Z), semi-sedentary steel (b) and special sedentary steel (TZ);
According to the carbon content of carbon steel can be divided into low carbon steel (WC ≤ 0.25%), medium carbon steel (WC0.25%-0.6%) and high carbon steel (WC> 0.6%);
According to the phosphorus, sulfur content can be divided into ordinary carbon steel (phosphorus, sulfur, higher), high-quality carbon steel (phosphorus, sulfur, lower) and high-quality steel (phosphorus, sulfur, lower) and high-quality steel.
The higher the carbon content in the general carbon steel, the greater the hardness, the higher the strength, but the plasticity is lower.
Stainless Steel
Stainless acid-resistant steel is referred to as stainless steel, which is composed of two major parts of stainless steel and acid-resistant steel, in short, can resist atmospheric corrosion of steel called stainless steel, and can resist corrosion of chemical media called acid-resistant steel. Stainless steel is a high-alloy steel with more than 60% of iron as the matrix, adding chromium, nickel, molybdenum and other alloying elements.
When the chromium content of steel more than 12 per cent, the steel in the air and dilute nitric acid is not easy to corrode and rust. The reason is that chromium can form a very close layer of chromium oxide film on the surface of steel, effectively protecting the steel from corrosion. Stainless steel in the chromium content are generally more than 14%, but stainless steel is not absolutely rust-free. In coastal areas or some serious air pollution, when the air chloride ion content is large, the surface of stainless steel exposed to the atmosphere may have some rust spots, but these rust spots are only limited to the surface, will not erode the stainless steel internal matrix.
Generally speaking, the chitin content Wcr greater than 12% of the steel has the characteristics of stainless steel, stainless steel according to the microstructure after heat treatment can be divided into five categories: namely, ferrite stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, austenitic - ferrite stainless steel and precipitation carbonation stainless steel.
Stainless steel is usually divided by matrix organisation:
1, ferritic stainless steel. Containing 12% to 30% chromium. Its corrosion resistance, toughness and weldability with the increase in chromium content and improve chloride stress corrosion resistance is better than other types of stainless steel.
2, austenitic stainless steel. Containing more than 18% chromium, also contains about 8% nickel and a small amount of molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen and other elements. Comprehensive performance is good, can be resistant to a variety of media corrosion.
3, austenitic - ferritic duplex stainless steel. Both austenitic and ferritic stainless steel, and has the advantages of superplasticity.
4, martensitic stainless steel. High strength, but poor plasticity and weldability.
The difference between carbon steel and stainless steel:
1, the colour is different: stainless steel contains chromium and nickel metal is more, the appearance of the colour of more things silver bright colour. Carbon steel is mainly carbon and iron alloy, other metal elements are less, the main colour of the appearance of the colour of iron, the colour will be much darker.
2, the grain is different: stainless steel containing other metal elements, smooth surface, carbon steel containing iron and carbon nia more, the nature of iron, the surface is not stainless steel smooth.
3, magnetic different: carbon steel surface with magnetic, can be magnet adsorption. Stainless steel is not magnetic under normal circumstances, will not be adsorbed by a magnet.
4, carbon elements are different: carbon steel mainly refers to the mechanical properties depend on the carbon content of steel, and generally do not add a large number of alloying metal elements of steel, which contains carbon WC less than 2%, stainless steel in order to maintain corrosion resistance, carbon content are lower, the maximum does not exceed 1.2%.
5, the alloy content is different: carbon steel contains few alloying elements, only a small amount of silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus. Stainless steel contains more gold elements, the main chromium and nickel elements more than 12%.
6, different corrosion resistance: carbon steel contains few alloying elements, weak corrosion resistance, stainless steel contains more chromium-nickel metal, with strong corrosion resistance.
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