All steel has carbon in it. If too much carbon is in the steel it is extremely hard and brittle. Like cast iron. The only difference between iron and steel is the level of carbon. Cast iron is very hard. A drill can barely drill thru it unless you treat it with something like cobalt or titanium nitride. But if you hit cast iron with a hammer very sharply it will break into pieces from the shock.
Too low of carbon causes problems though. Steel is very flexible and machinable when it has very low carbon, but it also doesn't wear very well. If you made a sword out of low carbon steel, it would bend very easily and the edge would get dull quick. If you bent it, it wouldn't spring back either.
That gets us to spring steel. This is just the right amount of carbon so the steel is very hard and the sword can hold an edge. It also gives it shock resistance. You can bend the sword and it returns to it's original shape. That is why it is called spring steel. The steel resists bending and when it does bend, as long as it isn't to far, it springs back when let go, to it's original shape
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