There are various grades of steel plates for pressure vessels, which can be mainly classified into carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel. The following are some common ones:
Carbon Steel
A516 Grade 60/70: These grades have good weldability and moderate strength. A516 Grade 60 has a minimum tensile strength of 60 ksi (414 MPa), and Grade 70 has a minimum tensile strength of 70 ksi (483 MPa). They are widely used in pressure vessels operating at low to medium temperatures and pressures, such as those in the petroleum and chemical industries.
SA-285 Grade C: It is a carbon steel with relatively low strength but excellent formability and weldability. It is suitable for applications where moderate strength and good fabrication characteristics are required, often used in the construction of small to medium-sized pressure vessels.
Alloy Steel
SA-387 Grade 11/22: These are chromium-molybdenum alloy steels. SA-387 Grade 11 contains 1.25% chromium and 0.5% molybdenum, while Grade 22 contains 2.25% chromium and 1% molybdenum. They have high strength, good creep resistance, and are suitable for pressure vessels operating at high temperatures and pressures, such as in refineries and power plants.
SA-533 Grade B: This is a quenched and tempered alloy steel with high strength and good impact toughness. It is often used in high-pressure and high-temperature applications, especially in pressure vessels that require excellent resistance to brittle fracture, such as those in the nuclear and hydrogen storage industries.
Stainless Steel
304/304L: Type 304 stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, with a composition of approximately 18% chromium and 8% nickel. The "L" version (304L) has a lower carbon content, which improves its weldability and resistance to intergranular corrosion. They are commonly used in pressure vessels that come into contact with mildly corrosive media, such as in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and some chemical industries.
316/316L: 316 stainless steel contains additional molybdenum (about 2-3%) compared to 304, which enhances its corrosion resistance, especially in chloride-containing environments. 316L, with its lower carbon content, is preferred for applications where weldability and resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion are crucial. It is widely used in marine, chemical, and high-purity process industries.
2205 Duplex Stainless Steel: This is a duplex stainless steel with a mixed microstructure of austenite and ferrite. It offers high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and good resistance to stress corrosion cracking. It is often used in harsh environments, such as in offshore oil and gas production and chemical processing plants where resistance to both chloride stress corrosion and general corrosion is required.
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